Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hyponatremic Patient
Hyponatremia is is defined as an excess of water in relation to serum sodium concentrations in the body. A thorough history is important in assessing hyponatremic patients as the details could impact the preferred treatment option.Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hypernatremic Patient
Hypernatremia reflects the loss of water in excess of sodium or the addition of sodium in excess of water.
Internal Medicine
Canine Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is an uncommon disease in dogs that can evade diagnosis and can mimic other conditions.
Internal Medicine
Approaches to Opportunistic Fungal Infections in Small Animals
Although the prognosis of fungal infections is guarded to poor, a multimodal and aggressive approach can yield some positive results.
Internal Medicine
Essential to Every Cell: Cobalamin in Health and Disease
Cobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin used by every cell in the body, thus is required for maintenance of normal physiologic functions. Given cobalamin’s essential role in health, it follows that cobalamin-deficient states, or hypocobalaminemia, can contribute to disease pathophysiology.Hematology
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
The mortality rate among dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia is high, but long-term prognosis after survival of the first months of treatment is fair.Internal Medicine
Canine Immune-Mediated Polyarthritis: Meeting the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges
Treatment of IMPA is significantly different than treatment of many other conditions that may present with similar clinical signs, and protocols may vary between patients. Making an accurate diagnosis is critical.Emergency Medicine/Critical Care
Fluid Therapy in Critical Care
New trends in fluid therapy in human and veterinary critical care medicine are informing clinical guidelines for fluid administration when supporting critically ill animals.Internal Medicine
2018 Veterinary Emerging Topics (VET)® Report: A Feline Focus on Antimicrobial Usage
In 2017, Banfield Pet Hospital and North American Veterinary Community (NAVC) partnered to release the first annual Veterinary Emerging Topics (VET)® Report.