Pain Management
Assessing Chronic Pain In Dogs
One thing clinicians and investigators can agree upon is that finding valid, precise, reliable, and accurate measures of chronic pain in animals is a very tall order indeed.
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One thing clinicians and investigators can agree upon is that finding valid, precise, reliable, and accurate measures of chronic pain in animals is a very tall order indeed.

Lower airway disease is classified into 2 predominant categories: asthma and chronic bronchitis.

Chronic kidney disease is an irreversible and progressive deterioration of renal function; however, through early diagnosis and staging, prompt management can delay disease progression.


Many veterinarians and veterinary technicians are filled with trepidation when small mammal or exotic patients are presented for evaluation.

There are many adverse consequences for not managing canine and feline obesity, including development of diabetes mellitus and reduced lifespan.

Anxiety and fearful behavior are common in canine patients, and often manifest as storm and noise phobias.

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