Internal Medicine
Essential to Every Cell: Cobalamin in Health and Disease
Cobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin used by every cell in the body, thus is required for maintenance of normal physiologic functions. Given cobalamin’s essential role in health, it follows that cobalamin-deficient states, or hypocobalaminemia, can contribute to disease pathophysiology.Hematology
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
The mortality rate among dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia is high, but long-term prognosis after survival of the first months of treatment is fair.Nutrition
Performing a Diet Trial to Identify Food Allergies in Dogs and Cats
Confirmation of an adverse food reaction depends on reduction or resolution of clinical signs while the animal is being fed a strict elimination diet, recurrence of clinical signs when the animal's diet is challenged, and resolution of signs after the elimination diet has been reinstated.Soft Tissue Surgery
Wound Reconstruction Techniques: Free Skin Grafts
In order to properly treat sizable wounds on the distal extremities of small animals, it’s helpful to know how skin grafts heal, tips for avoiding graft failure, and how to perform full-thickness meshed sheet and punch grafting.Gastroenterology
The Diabetic Cat with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Comorbid conditions can complicate the management of cats with DM, and those with concurrent GI dysfunction such as IBD present some unique challenges.Diagnostics
Decoding Vaccine Titers: A Literature-Based Review of Vaccine Titers in Companion Animal Practice
Clients might be asking you about vaccine titers before opting into vaccinations. Give them the full rundown on what titers do and don't cover.Pain Management
Bupivacaine Liposome Injectable Suspension (Nocita) Use in Dogs and Cats
BLIS is an extended-release formulation of bupivacaine, and a single injection of BLIS can provide up to 72 hours of analgesia.