
Dermatology
Treating Canine Superficial Pyoderma in the Era of Antimicrobial Resistance
Veterinarians can help reduce antimicrobial resistance by taking a measured approach and reducing the use of antimicrobials, especially systemic antimicrobials.

Oncology
Diagnosis and Treatment of Canine Oral Melanoma
In asymptomatic cases of OMM, an oral mass is often discovered by the owner or during a routine dental examination.

Diagnostics
Update on Clinical Acute Pain Assessment in Cats
Inadequately diagnosed and treated acute pain can result in serious, lifelong physiologic and psychologic consequences. Implementation of pain assessment tools can improve a veterinary hospitalās success in pain management.
Internal Medicine
Essential to Every Cell: Cobalamin in Health and Disease
Cobalamin, commonly known as vitamin B12, is a water-soluble vitamin used by every cell in the body, thus is required for maintenance of normal physiologic functions. Given cobalaminās essential role in health, it follows that cobalamin-deficient states, or hypocobalaminemia, can contribute to disease pathophysiology.
Hematology
Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
The mortality rate among dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia is high, but long-term prognosis after survival of the first months of treatment is fair.
Soft Tissue Surgery
Wound Reconstruction Techniques: Free Skin Grafts
In order to properly treat sizable wounds on the distal extremities of small animals, itās helpful to know how skin grafts heal, tips for avoiding graft failure, and how to perform full-thickness meshed sheet and punch grafting.
Gastroenterology
The Diabetic Cat with Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Comorbid conditions can complicate the management of cats with DM, and those with concurrent GI dysfunction such as IBD present some unique challenges.
Diagnostics
Decoding Vaccine Titers: A Literature-Based Review of Vaccine Titers in Companion Animal Practice
Clients might be asking you about vaccine titers before opting into vaccinations. Give them the full rundown on what titers do and don't cover.
Integrative Medicine
The Endocannabinoid System and Phytocannabinoids
To use or advise clients about the use of cannabis as medicine, veterinarians must understand how the endocannabinoid system functions and how compounds in cannabis exert physiologic effects through accessing endogenous pathways.

