Behavior

Aggression in Dogs: Etiology, Signalment, and Management

A complete behavioral treatment plan consists of environmental management, behavioral modification, and therapeutics to treat underlying fear, anxiety, and stress — all of which can be implemented at the general practice level.

Internal Medicine

Immunosuppressant Therapy in Small Animal Medicine: What, When, and Why

Glucocorticoids are considered the mainstay of immunosuppressive therapy; however, clinicians should be aware of second-line or alternative agents.

Dentistry

The Use of Antibiotics in Veterinary Dentistry

In the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance, areas of medicine where antibiotics are likely not needed, such as dentistry, should be examined.

Ophthalmology

When Is It Indolent? Diagnosis and Treatment of Indolent Corneal Ulcers

Indolent ulcers are able to be diagnosed and treated in the primary setting; however, it is critical to rule out other underlying causes as misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatments and blindness.

Orthopedics

Diagnosis and Management of Feline Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is common in cats, especially older cats. Because the clinical signs of arthritis in cats are very different from those seen in dogs, this condition is often not recognized until it is advanced.

Oncology

Monitoring of Chemotherapy Patients in General Practice

Primary care veterinarians play a crucial role in the lives of oncology patients by performing tests and general monitoring in between chemotherapy treatments and following remission.

Cardiology

Thoracic Radiology in the Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease in Dogs

Thoracic radiography is a test of choice for detection of congestive heart failure, but echocardiography is required to obtain a definitive diagnosis of congenital heart disease.

Anesthesiology

Anesthesia and Analgesia in Brachycephalic Dogs

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome increases the likelihood of anesthesia complications, making appropriate management of these patients critical for anesthetic safety.

Ophthalmology

The Aging Canine Eye: What to Look for and How to Intervene

Although the aging process is inevitable, we can help our senior canine patients with ocular abnormalities.

Oncology

The Role of Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs in Cancer Treatment for Dogs and Cats

Glucocorticoids and NSAIDs can be potent primary or adjuvant treatments for a variety of cancers in veterinary medicine.

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