
Parasitology
Canine Tapeworms
Take a closer look at the steps for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of the most common, and some of the more rare, tapeworm infections in dogs.

Nutrition
Nutrition and Feline Idiopathic Constipation
Treatment of chronic feline constipation requires an individualized approach, with periodic monitoring and adjustment of diet strategies and ancillary therapies, depending on the catās response.

Urology & Renal Medicine
When Urine Trouble: A Clinical Approach to Proteinuria
With increasing evidence of proteinuria being a negative prognostic indicator for dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease, it is important to take note of persistent proteinuria, regardless of severity.
Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hypernatremic Patient
Hypernatremia reflects the loss of water in excess of sodium or the addition of sodium in excess of water.

Dentistry
Deciduous Canine Tooth Removal in the Dog
To prevent patient discomfort and pathology of developing permanent teeth resulting from problems with deciduous canine teeth in the dog, diagnosis and extraction of the appropriate deciduous tooth/teeth should be performed as early as possible.

Dermatology
Allergen Immunotherapy for Canine Atopic Dermatitis: An Update
Learn how allergen immunotherapy is used to treat environmental hypersensitivities by shifting the canine patientās abnormal immune response toward a state of tolerance.

Ophthalmology
Diagnosis and Treatment of Eyelid Tumors
Eyelid tumors can dramatically differ in behavior and treatment strategies between dogs and cats.Ā For all eyelid tumors, early intervention and histopathologic examination are advisable.Ā
Internal Medicine
Canine Sporotrichosis
Sporotrichosis is an uncommon disease in dogs that can evade diagnosis and can mimic other conditions.

Oncology
Conventional Versus Stereotactic Radiotherapy
This continuing education article describes how conventional and stereotactic radiotherapy are used for definitive or palliative treatment in veterinary oncology and the importance of patient selection for these treatment options.

