Internal Medicine
Evaluation and Management of the Hypernatremic Patient
Hypernatremia reflects the loss of water in excess of sodium or the addition of sodium in excess of water.
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Hypernatremia reflects the loss of water in excess of sodium or the addition of sodium in excess of water.

To prevent patient discomfort and pathology of developing permanent teeth resulting from problems with deciduous canine teeth in the dog, diagnosis and extraction of the appropriate deciduous tooth/teeth should be performed as early as possible.

Learn how allergen immunotherapy is used to treat environmental hypersensitivities by shifting the canine patientās abnormal immune response toward a state of tolerance.


Sporotrichosis is an uncommon disease in dogs that can evade diagnosis and can mimic other conditions.

This continuing education article describes how conventional and stereotactic radiotherapy are used for definitive or palliative treatment in veterinary oncology and the importance of patient selection for these treatment options.

FeLV remains a serious disease, and veterinarians should continue to follow existing guidelines for vaccination and prevention to lower its prevalence.


Pet Food Instituteās Nutrition Subcommittee provides guidance for selecting a proper diet for weight loss among the different types of diet options available for dogs and cats.

TPLO is one of the most commonly recommended and most successful surgical procedures for CCLR.
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